The stone crushing industry sector is estimated to have an annual turnover of Rs. 5000 crore (equivalent to over US$ 1 billion) and is therefore an economically important sector. The sector is estimated to be providing direct employment to over 500,000 people engaged in various activities such as mining, crushing plant, transportation of mined stones and crushed products etc. Most of these personnel are from rural and economically backward areas where employment opportunities are limited and therefore it carries greater significance in terms of social importance in rural areas. It is a source of earning for uneducated poor unskilled rural people.
In India, the stone crushing industry is considered as one of the major polluting industries. The stone crushers are located along the periphery of cities or in the vicinity of major construction projects. In most cases, the stone crushers come up in clusters of number of units ranging from five to fifty in one cluster. The crushers are located nearer to the source of raw material such as Stone mines, River Beds etc.
The transportation costs range from Rs.25-30 per tonne per km. The broken stones are manually carried on head load to feed in the Jaw Crusher.About 10-15 workmen are engaged for the purpose. The crushed stones are discharged through a chute in to a rotary screen. The screened products of various sizes are conveyed to stock piles by belt conveyors. The oversize is returned to secondary crushers for further crushing and back to the rotary screen. Such type of medium type crushers has a production capacity in the range of 25 – 100 TPH.
Large stone crushers typically having two or more numbers each of primary, secondary and tertiary type crushers with at least two or more vibratory screens with mechanized loading, unloading conveying operation s and producing more than 100 TPH crushed stones are categorized as large crushers. Typically large stone crusher are owned by bigger construction companies like L&T, Dodsal Construction, etc who have their own large construction projects demand. Such crushers have a capacity range of 100 – 200 TPH. These type of crusher generally have their own/leased open-cast stone mines and a fleet of mechanical mining equipment , trucks and dumpers, loaders etc. These crushers involve high capital investment and mostly operate round the clock.
All conveying operations are done through proper belt conveyors.
Stone crushing units are not stand alone crushing units, but stone mining is also associated with this activity; in fact stone mining is the primary and basic activity for the stone crushing units. Therefore this kind of industrial units need scrutiny while granting permission for environmental and mining operations, especially at the time of NOC (i.e. Consent to Establishment) stage. It should be analyzed in totality. i.e. for both activities. The stone crusher units are at the verge of closure due to non availability of raw material since November 2019 and all 300 stone crusher units in Jammu province are non-functional, resulting a huge loss on account of wages of idol labourers, salaries of skilled employees, machinery maintenance and other Government taxes, besides interest on loan amount of vehicles, Excavators, crusher machines, JCBs and other machinery deployed by the stone crushers.
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