Heap leaching is a method of spraying the ore heap with a leach solution to selectively leaching the useful components in the ore during the downward infiltration process, and recovering the useful components from the rich liquid flowing out of the bottom of the heap. According to the different grades of ore, it can be divided into ore heap leaching and waste rock heap leaching; according to the different storage yard locations, it can be divided into surface heap leaching and underground heap leaching. Heap leaching is mainly used in the mining of copper, uranium, gold and silver ore and the treatment of smelter slag and dressing plant tailings containing useful components. Heap leaching has a simple process, less equipment, and low energy consumption, so capital investment and production costs are also low; its main disadvantage is that the leaching rate of useful components in the ore is low.
Not all copper ores are suitable for heap leaching. Before the leaching treatment, the adaptability of each forest type copper ore to heap leaching must be understood. Since sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate is the main practical leaching agent for copper minerals, ores containing a large amount of acid-consuming minerals (such as calcium carbonate (or) magnesium carbonate) sometimes consume a large amount of acid, making the leaching process uneconomical. In addition, copper in many ores is usually present in chalcopyrite, which adds a cup advantage to heap leaching due to the slow dissolution rate of copper in this mineral. Oxidized cave minerals and natural caves require a flood source of sulfuric acid or ferric sulfate monosulfate.
- Correct application of granulation technology to improve copper leaching
Practice has proved that it is not suitable for heap leaching of fine-grained materials and ore with too high clay content. It must be granulated and pretreated to improve the permeability of the heap before heap leaching. The granulation pretreatment can greatly strengthen the leaching of gold and speed up the leaching of copper. , in most cases can also improve the leaching rate of copper. - Different heap leaching processes are used to improve the leaching effect
The copper mine adopts the process of “staged stacking, cross spraying, and multi-stage countercurrent leaching”, which has achieved obvious economic benefits. - Adopt dripping technology to improve the leaching effect
Spraying and dripping are two different liquid distribution methods in the heap leaching process, both of which can produce uniform liquid distribution, and uniform liquid distribution is one of the key factors to improve the copper leaching rate.
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